Course Offerings

ART HISTORY SURVEY COURSES

No previous study is required for admission to the following courses. These courses are the prerequisites for many of the advanced-level courses. Students may not receive credit for both Western Art I (ARTH-UA 1) and Ancient Art (ARTH-UA 3) or Medieval Art (ARTH-UA 4); or both Western Art II (ARTH-UA 2) and Renaissance Art (ARTH-UA 5) or Modern Art (ARTH-UA 6), as their contents overlap.

History of Western Art I
ARTH-UA 1 Identical to MEDI-UA 1. Students who have taken ARTH-UA 3 or ARTH-UA 4 will not receive credit for this course. Offered every semester. 4 points.
Introduction to the history of painting, sculpture, and architecture from ancient times to the dawn of the Renaissance, emphasizing the place of the visual arts in the history of civilization. Includes the study of significant works in New York museums, such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Cloisters, and the Brooklyn Museum.

History of Western Art II
ARTH-UA 2 Identical to MEDI-UA 2. Students who have taken ARTH-UA 5 or ARTH-UA 6 will not receive credit for this course. Offered every semester. 4 points.
Introduction to the history of painting, sculpture, and architecture from the early Renaissance to the present day. Includes the study of significant works in New York museums, such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Frick Collection, the Guggenheim Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art.

Ancient Art
ARTH-UA 3 Students who have taken ARTH-UA 1 will not receive credit for this course. Offered periodically. 4 points.
History of art in the Western tradition from 20,000 B.C.E. to the fourth century C.E, from the emergence of human beings in the Paleolithic Age to the developments of civilization in the Near East, Egypt, and the Aegean; the flowering of the Classical Age in Greece; and the rise of the Roman Empire to the beginnings of Christian domination under the Emperor Constantine in the fourth century C.E. Study of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Brooklyn Museum is essential.

Medieval Art
ARTH-UA 4 Identical to MEDI-UA 200. Students who have taken ARTH-UA 1 will not receive credit for this course. Offered periodically. 4 points.
An introduction to the arts of the Christian Middle Ages in the Greek East and Latin West ca. 200-1400 C.E. Provides an overview of concepts and developments and the vocabulary necessary for analyzing and understanding the arts of the medieval period in light of the historical, religious, political, and social contexts of their creation. Covers architecture, monumental sculpture, painting, mosaics, stained glass, ivory and metalwork, and panel painting. Topics include the creation of a vocabulary of Christian symbols, imagery, and architectural forms; Christian attitudes toward Judaism and the classical tradition; medieval patrons, artists, and audiences; arts of pilgrimage; arts of monastery and cathedral; and the roles and functions of images in the medieval world. Study of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Cloisters is included.

Renaissance Art
ARTH-UA 5 Identical to MEDI-UA 333. Students who have taken ARTH-UA 2 will not receive credit for this course. Offered every year. 4 points.
The Renaissance, like classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, is a major era of Western civilization embracing a multitude of styles. It is, however, held together by basic concepts that distinguish it from other periods. The course covers the main developments of Renaissance art in Italy and north of the Alps, relation to the lingering Gothic tradition, the early and high Renaissance, and mannerism. Emphasis is placed on the great masters of each phase. The development of Renaissance traditions in baroque and rococo art is examined in art and architecture. Study of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Frick collections is included.

Modern Art
ARTH-UA 6 Students who have taken ARTH-UA 2 will not receive credit for this course. Offered every year. 4 points.
Art in the Western world from the late 18th century to the present. Content includes the neoclassicism and romanticism of David, Goya, Ingres, Turner, Delacroix; the realism of Courbet; the impressionists; parallel developments in architecture; the new sculptural tradition of Rodin; post-impressionism to fauvism, expressionism, futurism, cubism, geometric abstraction in sculpture and painting, and modernism in architecture in the 20th century; after the First World War, Dadaism and surrealism. Developments since 1945, such as action painting, pop art, minimal art, and numerous strands of postmodernism. Study of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Guggenheim Museum, and the Whitney Museum of American Art is included.

ADVANCED COURSES IN ANCIENT ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Birth of Greek Art: From the Bronze Age to the Geometric Period
ARTH-UA 101 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 3, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
This course surveys the art, archaeology, and culture of the Aegean Bronze Age and early Iron Age: from ancient Thera to the palace-based states of Minoan Crete and the Mycenaean Greek mainland, to developments within communities of the eighth century B.C. Architecture, wall painting, sculpture, ceramics, and narrative in early Greek art are among the topics to be examined, along with absolute and relative chronologies and the development of writing. Emphasis is placed on critical approaches to material culture within the contexts of religion, sociopolitical and economic organization, burial practices, trade networks, and interactions with neighboring cultures.

Archaic and Classical Art: Greek and Etruscan
ARTH-UA 102 Identical to CLASS-UA 312. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 3, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Greek and Etruscan art from the seventh century through the fourth century B.C.E., including the orientalizing and archaic styles, the emergence of the classical style, changes in art and life in the fourth century, and the impact of Macedonian court art under the conquests of Alexander the Great. Studies architecture, sculpture, and vase painting within their historical and cultural contexts. Includes study of the Metropolitan Museum of Art collections.

Hellenistic and Roman Art
ARTH-UA 103 Identical to CLASS-UA 313. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 3, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Traces developments in art from the conquests of Alexander the Great to the beginnings of Christian domination under Constantine in the fourth century C.E. Includes Macedonian court art; the spread of Hellenistic culture from Greece to the Indus Valley; the art of the Ptolemaic, Attalid, and Seleucid kingdoms; the expansion of Rome in the western Mediterranean; and the art of the Roman Empire. Special emphasis on problems of chronology, choice of styles, and copies. Study of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Brooklyn Museum collections is essential.

Greek Architecture
ARTH-UA 104 Identical to CLASS-UA 353. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 3, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
History of Greek architecture from the archaic through the Hellenistic periods (eighth to first centuries B.C.E.). Provides a chronological survey of the Greek architectural tradition from its Iron Age origins, marked by the construction of the first all-stone temples, to its radical transformation in the late Hellenistic period, most distinctively embodied in the baroque palace architecture reflected in contemporary theatre stage-buildings. The lectures, accompanying images, and readings present the major monuments and building types, as well as such related subjects as city planning and urbanism, building methods, and traditions of architectural patronage.

Roman Architecture
ARTH-UA 105 Identical to CLASS-UA 354. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 3, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
History of Roman architecture from the Hellenistic to the early Christian periods (first century B.C.E. to sixth century C.E.). Provides a chronological survey of Roman architecture from its early development against the background of the Greek and Etruscan traditions to the dramatic melding of the divergent trends of late antiquity in the great Justinian churches of Constantinople and Ravenna. The lectures, accompanying images, and readings present the major monuments and building types, as well as such related subjects as city planning and urbanism, Roman engineering, and the interaction between Rome and the provinces.

Ancient Egyptian Art
ARTH-UA 110 Offered periodically. 4 points.
Traces developments in the sculpture, painting, and architecture of ancient Egypt from predynastic beginnings through the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms (3100-1080 B.C.E.). Special emphasis on Egyptian art in the context of history, religion, and cultural patterns. Includes study of Egyptian collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Brooklyn Museum. There is no prerequisite for this course.

ADVANCED COURSES IN MEDIEVAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Art of the Early Middle Ages
ARTH-UA 201 Identical to MEDI-UA 201. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 4, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Christian architecture, sculpture, painting, mosaic, manuscript illumination, and luxury arts of the Greek East and Latin West from their origins ca. 200 C.E. through ca. 950 C.E. Considers the visual and material culture of Christianity in the Mediterranean world, Asia Minor, the Middle East, and northern Europe in light of the religious, historical, political, social, and cultural contexts of their creation. Style periods include early Christian, early Byzantine, barbarian, Insular, Merovingian, and Carolingian. Monuments studied include the catacombs, the Arch of Constantine, the great mosaic programs of Italy, Hagia Sophia, the Lindisfarne Gospels and Book of Kells, and Charlemagne’s palace chapel at Aachen. Topics include art and the commemoration of the dead; Christian attitudes toward Judaism and the classical tradition; art and theology; the emergence of the cult of saints and its art and architecture; early medieval patrons; arts of pilgrimage and early monasticism; word and image in early medieval culture; and iconoclasm and debates about the role of images in early Christianity.

Romanesque Art
ARTH-UA 202 Identical to MEDI-UA 202. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 4, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Examines the architecture, sculpture, painting, manuscript illumination, and treasury arts of the Latin West during the period ca. 950-1200 C.E., including Ottonian, Anglo-Saxon, Mozarabic, First Romanesque, and Romanesque art. Considers the visual arts of Christianity in Spain, France, Germany, Italy, England, and the Crusader States in light of the historical, religious, political, social, and cultural contexts of their creation. Monuments studied include Ottonian and Anglo-Saxon Gospel books; body-part reliquaries; the Hildesheim doors; illuminated Beatus manuscripts; the architecture and sculpture of Santiago, León, Toulouse, Conques, Vézelay, Moissac, Autun, Aquitaine, Provence, and Tuscany; and the Romanesque bible. Topics include the cult of saints and the arts; the art and architecture of pilgrimage and crusade; monasticism and the arts; Romanesque patrons, artists, and audiences; the Romanesque revival of monumental sculpture; Christian encounters with Islam and Judaism; secular themes in Romanesque art; word and image in Romanesque art; medieval attitudes toward the classical tradition; Romanesque art and social class; and Romanesque attitudes toward the arts.

Gothic Art in Northern Europe
ARTH-UA 203 Identical to MEDI-UA 203. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 4, a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
The art of the “Age of the Cathedrals”—including architecture, sculpture, stained glass, manuscript illumination, wall painting, luxury arts, and tapestry—from the origins of the Gothic style in the 12th-century Ile-de-France through the early 15th century. Considers artistic developments in France, England, Flanders, Germany, and Bohemia in light of the religious, historical, political, social, and cultural contexts of their creation. Monuments include the architecture, sculpture, and glass of St. Denis, Chartres, Amiens, Reims, Canterbury, Wells, Ely, Strasbourg, Naumburg, and Prague; the Gothic apocalypse and moralized bible; and psalters and books of hours. Topics include Gothic patrons, artists, builders, and art making; lay literacy and the patronage and reception of art; the cult of the Virgin and the arts; the Gothic image as bearer of religious, political, and social values and ideologies; humor and marginalia; arts of chivalry and courtly love; art, death, and memory in the Gothic period; naturalism and developments in portraiture; the roles of art in devotional and mystical experience; and Gothic art and late medieval notions of vision and the self.

Art and Architecture in the Age of Giotto: Italian Art, 1200-1420
ARTH-UA 204 Identical to MEDI-UA 204. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 4, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Examines developments in painting, sculpture, and architecture in Italy ca. 1200-1420, with emphasis on Tuscany, Umbria, Rome, Lombardy, and the Veneto. Traces the evolution of the painted altarpiece in relation to its liturgical, devotional, and cultic functions and with consideration of artistic personalities such as Duccio, Simone Martini, and the Lorenzetti. Studies the great fresco cycles in churches and chapels from the point of view of artists—including Giotto, Taddeo Gaddi, Andrea Bonaiuti, and Altichiero—patron(s), and program. Surveys key monuments of religious and civic architecture and their painted and sculpted decoration within the historical and political contexts of the emerging Italian city-states. Monuments studied include San Francesco, Assisi; the Scrovegni Chapel, Padua; the pulpits and tombs of the Pisani and Arnolfo di Cambio; the great Italian cathedrals; Santa Croce, Florence; the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, and Palazzo Pubblico, Siena; and Santa Maria Novella, Florence. Topics include the mendicant orders and the arts; the Black Death and art; the status of the artist; gender and social class in representation and patronage; and the “eclectic” character of Italian Gothic.

Medieval Architecture
ARTH-UA 205 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 4, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Surveys the architecture of the Middle Ages in Western Europe with emphasis on the period from ca. 1000-1500 C.E., from the emergence of the Romanesque to the late Gothic period. Examines monumental religious and secular projects, such as the soaring cathedral of Amiens and the civic palaces of communal Italy, from stylistic, technical, functional, iconographic, and ideological perspectives. Topics include regionalism, patronage, the status of the “architect,” and the concept of the multimedia ensemble. Also situates buildings within their social, religious, and political contexts and explores the advantages and shortcomings of different approaches to the study of medieval architecture.

ADVANCED COURSES IN RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE ART AND ARCHITECTURE

European Architecture of the Renaissance
ARTH-UA 301 Identical to MEDI-UA 301. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
The new style in architecture sparked by the buildings of Brunelleschi and the designs and writings of L. B. Alberti, developed in 15th-century Florence against the background of a vigorously evolving humanist culture. A study of the new movement through the great quattrocento masters and the work of the giants of the 16th century (such as Bramante, Michelangelo, Palladio) and the spread of Renaissance style into other countries.

Architecture in Europe in the Age of Grandeur (the Baroque)
ARTH-UA 302 Identical to MEDI-UA 302. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Beginning with the transformation of Renaissance architecture in counter-Reformation Rome, examines the succeeding European baroque styles. Includes high Roman baroque of Bernini and Borromini; Piedmontese developments; the richly pictorial late baroque of Germany and Austria; and the baroque classicism of France and England in the work of such architects as J. H. Mansart and Sir Christopher Wren. Metamorphosis of the various baroque styles into rococo, concluding with the mid-18th century and the roots of neoclassicism.

Northern Renaissance Art, 1400-1530
ARTH-UA 303 Identical to MEDI-UA 303. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Addresses painting north of the Alps, ca. 1380-1530, partly late medieval, partly Renaissance. Examines the connection of breathtaking technique and deeply religious aspects of the art to function, symbolic thought, issues of patronage, and changes in the society to which painting was related. Also explains ways in which we write history when most of the vital written documents are missing or destroyed. Artists discussed include Jan van Eyck, the Master of Flemalle, Rogier van der Weyden, Jean Fouquet, Hugo van der Goes, Enguerrand Quarton, Jerome Bosch, Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald, and Hans Holbein.

16th-Century Art North of the Alps
ARTH-UA 304 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Topics discussed include the development of landscape as a separate subject in art; the Reformation’s effects on subject matter and aesthetics; what northerners learned from the classicizing Italians and what the Italians learned from northern realism; aspects of patronage and the art market; northern ideas about the nude and eroticism; the northern interest in peasant life and in the grotesque; the sociopolitical significance of dress; and the importance of printmaking. As modern nation-states coalesce, we see the development of artistic tendencies that can be called French, Netherlandish, and German. Among the artists to be discussed are the German artists Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald, Hans Holbein the Younger, and the Cranach family; the Netherlandish artists Hieronymus (Jerome) Bosch, Quentin Massys, Lucas van Leyden, Jan Gossaert, and Pieter Brueghel the Elder; and Jean and François Clouet and other artists associated with the French court.

Italian Renaissance Sculpture
ARTH-UA 305 Identical to MEDI-UA 305. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered in the fall. 4 points.
The role of sculpture in the visual arts in Italy from ca. 1400 to 1600, primarily in central Italy, is studied through intensive examination of major commissions and of the sculptors who carried them out. Earlier meetings focus on Donatello and his contemporaries, including Ghiberti, Quercia, Verrocchio, and Pollaiuolo. Thereafter, students examine Michelangelo’s sculpture and compare his works with those of contemporaries and followers, ending with Giambologna.

Early Masters of Italian Renaissance Painting
ARTH-UA 306 Identical to MEDI-UA 306. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Achievements of the chief painters of the 15th century studied through their major artistic commissions. Special attention is given to the Tuscan tradition. A brief introduction to Giotto and his time provides background for the paintings of Masaccio and his artistic heirs (Fra Angelico, Filippo Lippi, Piero della Francesca, and others). Topics include the role of pictorial narrative, perspective, and mimesis; the major techniques of Renaissance painting; and the relationship of painting to the other visual arts. In the later 15th century, social and cultural changes generated by power shifts from Medici Florence to papal Rome also affected art patronage, creating new tensions and challenges for artists and fostering the emergence of new modes of visualization.

The Age of Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo
ARTH-UA 307 Identical to MEDI-UA 307. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered in the spring. 4 points.
Painting in Florence and Rome from about 1470 to the mid-16th century. From a study of selected commissions by the Pollaiuolo brothers, Andrea del Verrochio, Leonardo, Perugino, Raphael, Domenico Ghirlandaio, and Michelangelo, we go on to investigate new pictorial modes emerging after 1510 in Andrea del Sarto, Pontormo, Rosso, Parmigianino, Giulio Romano, and other members of Raphael’s school; we consider their younger contemporaries and successors, including Bronzino and Vasari. The course emphasizes the patronage, symbolic tasks, and functions of Renaissance painting and critically examines historical concepts such as high Renaissance, mannerism, and maniera.

The Golden Age of Venetian Painting
ARTH-UA 308 Identical to MEDI-UA 308. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
The art of Venice and its surroundings, Emilia and Lombardy. Covers Giorgione, the young Titian, Sebastiano del Piombo, and their profound impact in Venice and related centers; and Correggio’s artistic experiments, their origins, and their implications. Examines the achievements of the mature Titian and their significance for his contemporaries. Veronese, Tintoretto, Bassano, and, in the 18th century, Tiepolo, bring Venice’s golden age to a close. Stresses artistic reciprocity between northern and central Italy.

Italian Art in the Age of the Baroque
ARTH-UA 309 Identical to MEDI-UA 309. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Painting and sculpture in Italy, 1580-1700. Highlights major developments in the visual arts and the work of leading artists including Caravaggio, Carracci, Bernini, and Poussin. Focusing on the often paradoxical nature of baroque art, the course examines the blurring of boundaries between the real and the imaginary, the instantaneous and the infinite, the imitative and the innovative. Special attention is paid to the creative process and the influences on it: the role of the patron, the logistics of site, and the artist’s own thought process as revealed through preparatory drawings and sketches. The course is designed to help students develop the skills necessary to “read” works of art in all their rich complexity of form and meaning.

Dutch and Flemish Painting, 1600-1700
ARTH-UA 311 Identical to MEDI-UA 311. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
In Antwerp, Rubens overturned all previous concepts of painting. The first to deserve the term “baroque,” he dominated Flanders. Van Dyck, his pupil, took Rubens’s style to England. Dutch painters, including Hals, Rembrandt, and Vermeer, moved in a different direction, addressing every aspect of their country and society: the peasant, the quiet life of the well-ordered household, the sea and landscape, views of the cities, and church interiors.

French Art: Renaissance to Rococo, 1520-1770
ARTH-UA 313 Identical to MEDI-UA 313. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or permission of the instructor. Offered periodically. 4 points.
Topics include arrival of the Italian Renaissance in France during the reign of Francis I and the completion of the palace at Fontainebleau; the revival of art around 1600 after the religious wars of the Reformation; the impact of Caravaggio in France; Poussin and Claude Lorrain in Rome, and other painters in Paris (for example, Vouet, Champagne, and Le Nain); artistic splendors of the court of Louis XIV at Versailles; and the rococo of Watteau, Chardin, Boucher, and Fragonard.

Art in Spain from El Greco to Goya
ARTH-UA 315 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, or permission of the instructor. Offered periodically. 4 points.
Begins with El Greco (1541-1614) in Italy and Toledo. Discussion of 17th-century Spanish art focuses on painters in the major centers of Seville (Zurbarán, Murillo, Valdés Leal); Madrid (Velázquez); and Naples (Ribera). Attention then focuses on Goya, who emerged from a style influenced by Italian art (e.g., by Tiepolo) to dominate later 18th- and early 19th-century painting.

Topics in Latin American Art: Colonial to Modern
ARTH-UA 316 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, and ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
Focuses on trends, movements, and individuals in the art of Latin America from the 16th to the 20th century. This course is not a survey; it attempts to situate works of art within their social, historical, and theoretical contexts. Chronological focus of this course may vary from term to term.

ADVANCED COURSES IN MODERN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

American Art
ARTH-UA 404 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
Examines the art that developed in what is now the United States, from the beginnings of European colonization until the First World War and the internationalizing of American art. Includes painting, sculpture, and architecture, concentrating on the work of Copley, Cole, Winslow Homer, Mary Cassatt, and others. New York City provides major collections of painting and sculpture, as well as outstanding examples of architecture.

Early Modern Architecture: 1776-1914
ARTH-UA 408 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, ARTH-UA 601, MAP-UA 722, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
Focusing on the creation of modern building types such as the bank, state capitol, museum, railroad station, and skyscraper, the course begins in the later 18th century with the idealistic designs of Ledoux and Boullée. After considering the forms and meanings associated with neoclassicism, the course examines the Gothic revival and subsequent 19th-century movements (e.g., high Victorian Gothic, Second Empire, Beaux-Arts classicism) as efforts to find appropriate expressions for diverse building forms. Studies changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution, including developments in technology, and the reforms of art nouveau and secession architecture. Works of Adam, Soane, Jefferson, Schinkel, Pugin, Richardson, and Sullivan; McKim, Mead, and White; Mackintosh, early Frank Lloyd Wright, and others.

Modern Architecture: 1914 to the Present
ARTH-UA 409 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, ARTH-UA 408, ARTH-UA 601, MAP-UA 722, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
Chronological account of architecture and ideas since 1914. Considers such subjects as currents on the eve of the First World War, new technology, and the impact of the war; architecture and politics between the wars; the rise of expressionist design; the international style and the concurrent adaptation of traditional styles; art deco design; mid-century glass curtain-wall architecture; brutalism; and reactions to modernism. Includes ideological and political considerations and works by Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Louis Kahn, Alvar Aalto, Philip Johnson, James Stirling, Frank Gehry, and Santiago Calatrava, among others.

Neoclassicism to Realism
ARTH-UA 411 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
The Enlightenment shaped the visual arts in two seemingly antithetical ways. On the one hand, the period’s valorization of cool rationalism contributed to the rise of neoclassicism as a dominant style during the 18th century. The other course of Enlightenment thinking, exemplified by the writings of J. J. Rousseau, celebrated emotion as the purest form of intellectual as well as spiritual expression. Romanticism, with its emphasis on subjectivity and intense emotionalism, is as much a product of the Enlightenment as neoclassicism. Following on the heels of romanticism, realism has been alternately described as a rejection of romanticism and as an extension of it. Focusing on these three stylistic movements, this course examines how late 18th- and early 19th-century artists negotiated not just the aesthetic ideas of the Enlightenment but its political consequences as well.

Impressionism to Expressionism
ARTH-UA 412 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
Beginning by considering how impressionism refined and redirected the artistic aims of 19th-century realism, this course follows the development of progressive art to the brink of cubism and pure abstraction in the first years of the 20th century. Following impressionism and post-impressionism, close attention is paid to symbolism, aestheticism, art nouveau, the arts and crafts movement, fauvism, and expressionism. The aesthetic aims of these movements are analyzed in tandem with the social and cultural conditions that generated them.

Cubism to Abstract Expressionism
ARTH-UA 413 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
After analyzing the invention of cubism by Picasso and Braque, this course examines its international reverberations, including Italian futurism, the later phases of German expressionism, the de Stijl movement in Holland, and suprematism and constructivism in revolutionary Russia. The Dada movements of the World War I era are examined as reactions to the apparent bankruptcy, cultural and artistic, of Western civilization. However, this nihilistic impulse is followed by the “return to order” of the early 1920s. The course then examines the tensions in the multiple currents of surrealism: metamorphic, academic, and abject. Painting after World War II, from Pollock to Dubuffet, is analyzed as an extension and transformation of prewar trends.

Postmodern Art and Contemporary Art
ARTH-UA 414 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
This survey covers art in the postmodern era, ca. 1955 to the present. After examining the innovations of the neo-avant-garde generation (1955-75), our focus shifts from the radical innovations in mediums, materials, and techniques to the expanded field of critical engagement that contemporary art encompasses. Discrete “early” developments such as neo-Dada, op, pop, fluxus, arte povera, earth art, and various conceptualisms here are seen to diversify the look of art and to enable the dissolution of stylistic and formal categorization in favor of a classification based on a particular question or critique. “Later” developments in our chronology thus emphasize issues such as gender, race, technology, and globalism as they complicate our concept of art since 1955.

Aesthetic History of Photography
ARTH-UA 431 Identical to PHTI-UT 1102. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every spring. 4 points.
This course chronicles the history of photography’s complex and symbiotic relationship to the other visual arts: painting, sculpture, architecture, installation and performance, among others. Beginning with the medium’s invention and the early fights of its practitioners to establish themselves as fine artists, the course describes photographers’ unique attempts to negotiate their relationships with both artistic movements and the media culture of which they are a part. Robinson, Cameron, Emerson, F. Holland Day, Stieglitz, Moholy-Nagy, Rodchenko, Weston, Álvarez Bravo, Lartigue, De Carava, Cahun, Robert Frank, Diane Arbus, and Cindy Sherman (among others) are seen within the context of their respective art worlds, so the impact of art movements, cultural attitudes, and new technologies on photographers during different historical periods can be assessed.

Social History of Photography
ARTH-UA 432 Identical to PHTI-UT 1101. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every fall. 4 points.
This course is a social and political history of photography, from its beginnings to the present day. It focuses on the popular forms of photographic imagery, such as advertising, fashion, travel photography, family portraits and snapshots, scientific documents, documentary reform and photojournalism, as well as describes the medium’s relationship to Western (and global) social history during the modern era. Brady, Warhol, Capa, Nadar, Martin Chambi, Atget, Tomatsu, Muybridge, Curtis, Bourke-White, Gordon Parks, Álvarez Bravo, and Berenice Abbott are in the cast of characters to be discussed, and readings include those by Susan Sontag, John Berger, and Roland Barthes, among others.

Toward a Critical Vocabulary of Photography
ARTH-UA 433 Identical to PHTI-UT 1129. Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every fall. 4 points.
This course takes as its main emphasis the analysis and synthesis of visual and written information. The readings include essays by critics Roland Barthes, Donna Haraway, Susan Sontag, Boris Groys, and bell hooks (among others), as well as articles or excerpts by Thomas Kuhn, Mircea Eliade, John Berger, and George Kubler. Critical essays are interspersed with other kinds of texts, such as The Tibetan Book of the Dead, Persepolis, Black Elk Speaks, and the novel Perfume. This mixture of topics, texts, and issues is designed to broaden students’ understanding of important concerns in philosophy, art history, science, literature, and cultural studies that are relevant to photography. Class time is spent in analysis of these texts in relation to historical and contemporary pictures.

Museums and the Art Market
ARTH-UA 701 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every year. 4 points.
This course provides an overview of the history and theory of museums and the art market. It presents a series of lectures and case studies examining such issues as the birth of the museum, the role played by world’s fairs and biennials, the impact of collectors, the art market, and the gallery system. Throughout, the class makes use of museums, galleries, and auction houses in New York.

ADVANCED COURSES IN NON-WESTERN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

No previous study is required for admission to the following courses unless a prerequisite is stated in the description.

East Asian Art I: China, Korea, Japan to 1000 C.E.
ARTH-UA 510 Identical to EAST-UA 91. Offered periodically. 4 points.
An introduction to the art and culture of the Far East. The materials are presented in a chronological and thematic approach correspond-ing to the major dynastic and cultural changes of China, Korea, and Japan. Teaches how to “read” works of art in order to interpret a culture or a historical period; aims at a better understanding of the similarities and differences among the cultures of the Far East.

East Asian Art II: China, Korea, Japan from 1000 C.E. to Present
ARTH-UA 511 Identical to EAST-UA 92. Offered periodically. 4 points.
An introductory survey of the arts in China, Japan, and Korea from approximately 1000 C.E. The course emphasizes an overall understanding of the development of art and culture as well as mastery of specific works of art. East Asian Art I followed the development of the common cultural heritage of the North East Asia region. Part of this commonality is due to the extraordinary influence of an early-developing Chinese civilization on Japan and Korea. However, Japan and Korea also developed their own cultures and arts, developments that accelerated in the last millennia up to the present. Topics include Song landscape paintings, Edo “floating world” prints, Koryo celadons, and modern art.

South Asian Art I: Indus Valley to 1200
ARTH-UA 530 Offered periodically. 4 points.
This course is an introductory survey of the history of South Asia from 2000 B.C. to A.D. 1200, with an emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. From the Indus Valley culture to the present day, artistic production has played a critical role in the transmission of religious beliefs and the development of cultural systems in and around South Asia. Diverse regions were linked by trade, politics, and cultural relationships, and interaction can be charted through the changing forms and functions of art. We consider the historical circumstances surrounding the production of South and Southeast Asian art, as well as the problems that art historians face when trying to interpret the surviving evidence. We look at art in a variety of media, including, but not limited to, architecture, urban form, sculpture, painting, and performance.

South Asian Art II: 1200 to Present
ARTH-UA 531 Offered periodically. 4 points.
This course is an introductory survey of the history of South Asian art from ca. A.D. 1200 to the present. It begins with the introduction of Islamic artist traditions into the Indian subcontinent through the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, which effectively integrated itself into a widely diverse and multicultural range of preexisting artistic practices. It follows the cultivation of new tastes in the Mughal and Rajput courts through the vigorous interaction among Persian, Indic, and European artists and elites. Finally, it turns to the colonial and postcolonial artistic responses to South Asia’s complex past(s). By looking at art in a range of media—including, but not limited to, painting, sculpture, architecture, and photography—this course considers the ways in which art actively served as expressions of political authority and cultural identity.

Art in the Islamic World I: From the Prophet to the Mongols
ARTH-UA 540 Offered every year. 4 points.
Provides an outline of Islamic material in its early and classical periods, from 650 to 1200. The period saw the initial formation of an Arab empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, a decline in centralized authority, and the rise to political prominence of various North African, Iranian, and Central Asian dynasties from the 10th century onward. These political developments are reflected in the increasingly heterogeneous nature of Islamic material culture over this time span.

Art in the Islamic World II: From the Mongols to Modernism
ARTH-UA 541 Offered every year. 4 points.
An introduction to the arts of Islam during a period of dynamic cultural and political change in the Islamic world. Beginning with the Mongol invasions of the 13th century, traces the development of Islamic art and architecture through the eras of Timur, the “gunpowder empires” (the Mughals, Ottomans, Safavids) and European colonialism, to the art of the nation-state in the 20th century.

Arts of Africa
ARTH-UA 560 Identical to SCA-UA 787. Offered periodically. 4 points.
The traditional art of sub-Saharan Africa—its diversity and cultural contexts as well as its universal aspects—is the subject of this course. African art is studied in relation to its meaning and function in traditional societies, wherein art has socialized and reinforced religious beliefs, reflected male and female roles, and validated systems of leadership. The course covers architecture, sculpture, textiles, paintings, jewelry, and ceramics. Field trips to museums and/or private collections supplement class lectures.

North American Indian Arts
ARTH-UA 570 Offered periodically. 4 points.
This course is an introductory survey of North American Indian and Eskimo art. It covers the following art-producing areas and cultures: Northwest Coast (Ozette, Salish, Nootka, Haida, Kwakiutl, Tlingit); Alaska (Old Bering Sea, Ipiutak, and Yupik Eskimo); Southwest (Hohokam, Mogollon, Anasazi, Hopi, Navajo); Plains (Arapaho, Kiowa, Mandan, Sioux); Woodlands (Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian, Ojibwa, Iroquois); and contemporary art (tradition and innovation in contemporary Native American and Eskimo art).

OTHER ADVANCED COURSES IN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

European and American Decorative Arts: Renaissance to Modern
ARTH-UA 10 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, ARTH-UA 6, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
History of the design of objects used in daily life. Studies works of art in a social and historical context. Beginning with the Italian, French, and northern Renaissance, surveys the Louis styles in France, international neoclassicism, and the Victorian style. The course concludes with the modern period. Stresses the history of furniture, although the course also covers glass, silverware, tapestries, ceramics, wallpaper, carpets, and small bronzes.

Special Topics in the History of Art
ARTH-UA 150, ARTH-UA 250, ARTH-UA 350, ARTH-UA 450, ARTH-UA 550, ARTH-UA 750, and ARTH-UA 850 Prerequisites: vary according to the material chosen for the course. 4 points.
Subjects change from semester to semester and are outside of the usual classification areas. Those that carry prerequisites are normally considered advanced courses in the major, satisfying requirements in the ancient or medieval, Renaissance or baroque, or modern areas.

Note: Any course in the Urban Design and Architecture Studies program may be counted as an elective for the art history major.

ADVANCED SEMINAR IN ART HISTORY

Advanced Seminar
ARTH-UA 800 Prerequisite: permission of the director of undergraduate studies. Open to departmental majors who have completed five 4-point art history courses. Offered in the fall and spring. 4 points.
Exposure in small group discussion format to historical/critical problem(s) of particular concern to the faculty member offering the seminar. Requires oral report(s) and/or a substantial paper.

HONORS THESIS AND INDEPENDENT STUDIES IN ART HISTORY

Senior Honors Thesis
ARTH-UA 801, 802 Open to departmental majors who have been accepted as candidates for honors in art history in the first term of their senior year and who have the permission of the director of undergraduate studies. See this department’s subheading “Graduation with Honors” for eligibility requirements. Students are expected to work on their theses over a period of two semesters. Applicants must have a GPA of 3.65 in art history courses and an overall GPA of 3.65 as stipulated by the College’s honors program regulations. 4 points.

Independent Study
ARTH-UA 803, 804 Prerequisite: written permission of the director of undergraduate studies and of an adviser. 1 to 4 points per term.
Independent study consists of the investigation, under the guidance and supervision of a designated instructor, of a research topic agreed on by the student and instructor and approved by the chair. Requires a substantial report written by the end of the term. Internships receive a maximum of 2 credits, and written work is required, just as it is for any other independent study. Prior approval by a faculty member is required for internship credit.

GRADUATE COURSES OPEN TO UNDERGRADUATES
In exceptional cases, juniors and seniors who are credited with a 3 average in five art history courses may take, for undergraduate credit, the 1000- and 2000-level courses offered in the Graduate School of Arts and Science at the Institute of Fine Arts, 1 East 78th Street. For more information, please consult the Graduate School of Arts and Science Bulletin or the announcement of courses of the Institute of Fine Arts. Before registering for these courses, students must obtain the permission of the director of undergraduate studies, as well as that of the instructor of the course.

URBAN DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIES: FOUNDATION COURSES

History of Architecture from Antiquity to the Present
ARTH-UA 601 Offered every semester. 4 points.
Introduction to the history of Western architecture emphasizing the formal, structural, programmatic, and contextual aspects of selected major monuments from ancient times to the present. Monuments discussed include the Parthenon, the Roman Pantheon, Hagia Sophia, the cathedral at Chartres, St. Peter’s, Palladio’s Villa Rotonda, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Versailles, the London Crystal Palace, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater, Le Corbusier’s Villa Savoye, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Mies van der Rohe’s Barcelona Pavilion, and others. Lectures analyze monuments within their contexts of time and place. Also considers aspects of city planning in relation to certain monuments and to the culture and events of their time.

Shaping the Urban Environment
ARTH-UA 661 Offered every semester. 4 points.
This course introduces basic concepts of Western urbanism, focusing primarily on Europe and the United States. Lectures, readings, and course work present both a survey of city form since antiquity and an analysis of contemporary urban issues. Students investigate key elements of urban development, including roads, walls, water, housing, transportation, and open space, as well as factors influencing these elements, such as types and shapes of cities, engineering, and architectural form as an expression of political systems. Special attention is given to real estate development, landmark preservation, city planning, and community participation in New York City.

URBAN DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIES: ARCHITECURE AND URBAN HISTORY COURSES

Medieval Architecture
ARTH-UA 205 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 1, ARTH-UA 4, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered periodically. 4 points.
See this department’s subheading “Advanced Courses in Medieval Art and Architecture.”

European Architecture of the Renaissance
ARTH-UA 301 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
See this department’s subheading “Advanced Courses in Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture.”

Architecture in Europe in the Age of Grandeur (the Baroque)
ARTH-UA 302 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 2, ARTH-UA 5, ARTH-UA 601, or a score of 5 on the AP Art History exam. Offered every other year. 4 points.
See this department’s subheading “Advanced Courses in Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture.”

Architecture in New York: Field Study
ARTH-UA 602 Offered periodically. 4 points.
This course examines the history of architecture and urbanism through the landmark buildings and neighborhoods of New York City. Students consider key issues of architectural history, including style, building type, patronage, professional education, adaptive reuse, construction techniques, and the process of historic preservation, all within the context of urban and national development. Course meetings consist of classroom lectures and field-study trips, including visits to Broadway/ Battery, South Street Seaport, City Hall area, SoHo, Greenwich Village, Ladies’ Mile/Gramercy, Upper West Side, Grand Central/ 42nd Street, Park Avenue, and Rockefeller Center.

Cities in History
ARTH-UA 662 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 661 or permission of the program director. Offered every other year. 4 points.
Historical survey of city types, plans, and symbolic meanings from classical Greece to the present. Subjects include ancient towns and planned cities, especially those of the Roman Empire; medieval commercial centers and cathedral towns; Renaissance plazas and baroque street systems; and 19th-century industrial, colonial, and resort cities. Emphasis on European and American cities. Discusses London, Paris, and Rome throughout.

History of City Planning: 19th and 20th Centuries
ARTH-UA 663 Prerequisite: ARTH-UA 661 or permission of the program director. Offered periodically. 4 points.
This course examines the history of cities, planning, and urban design in Europe and the United States since 1800. Students can expect both a survey of city planning history and consideration of thematic issues. Lectures and readings emphasize the social, political, and economic factors shaping modern cities, including industrialization, housing, sanitation, transportation, social reform, recreation, and infrastructure, as well as cultural and aesthetic debates about style, monumentality, and diversity in cities. Course work includes readings of primary documents and recent interpretations, individual research, and field trips to notably planned sites in the New York area.

Special Topics in Urban Design and Architecture Studies
ARTH-UA 650 and ARTH-UA 850 Prerequisites: vary according to the material chosen for the course. 4 points.
Subjects change from semester to semester and are outside of the usual classification areas.

URBAN DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIES: SEMINARS

Decision Making and Urban Design
ARTH-UA 670 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
The impact and limitations of private and public decision-making power on urban design and architecture. City architecture in light of the values and priorities set by a society. Recognition of citizens’ groups as increasingly important factors in city planning and related changes. Critically evaluates the complexity of decision making and historical circumstances as related to the built urban environment on the basis of historical and modern American and European examples.

Architecture in Context
ARTH-UA 671 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. 4 points.
Addresses issues arising from new structures and interventions to existing structures, which must relate to existing well-defined contexts of the sort found throughout New York City. Students are encouraged to think about, discuss, create, and report on designs that recognize and suit their contexts. The focus is on typical New York City building types. Includes town houses, additions to existing structures, adaptive reuse of residential structures for institutional use, streetscape improvements, and urban parks.

Environmental Design: Issues and Methods
ARTH-UA 672 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
On the basis of selected topics, examines the manifold technological considerations that affect urban building and urban environmental quality in cities today. Topics include the specifics of power supply, heating, lighting, ventilation, internal traffic (vertical and horizontal), pollution control, and other topics of immediate significance. Focuses on the potentials of technology to resolve urban environmental problems.

Urban Design: Infrastructure
ARTH-UA 673 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
Serves as a laboratory for the investigation of New York City’s infrastructure, using the definition of the word as a point of departure. In what ways can the city be perceived as a collective undertaking, with intricate components interwoven in continuous strands? What systems and forces give the city and its neighborhoods their current form, and what influences their future shape? Can these systems be dissected? What do these analyses tell us about the relationship of the city to its inhabitants and to the wider environment? Through lectures, reading assignments, discussions, and field trips, we investigate some of the major components of the city’s infrastructure, such as the street grid, water supply, waste disposal, and subway system.

Urban Design and the Law
ARTH-UA 674 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
Relationship between physical surroundings and the basis of society in law. Examines the effects of zoning regulations and building codes; urban renewal legislation; condemnation procedures; real estate law; law concerning tenants; taxation; special bodies such as the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey; preservation and landmarks; licensing procedures for architects, engineers, and planners; and pollution control measures. Special attention to laws of New York City and nearby communities.

Seminar in Urban Options for the Future
ARTH-UA 675 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
Focuses on alternative futures for the city of tomorrow that may be effected through the development of new forms of technology and the utilization and exploitation of the state of the art in urban structural designs. Topics include redesign of the business district; recovery of city resources; and social, political, and economic implications of new city forms considered in projections for a new urban face.

Drawing for Architects and Others
ARTH-UA 676 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. 2 points.
A basic drawing course intended to teach students to perceive—to record phenomena manually without relying on formulaic methods of drawing perspective, volumetrics, and the like. Students are encouraged to examine proportion, scale, light, shade, and texture, as well as means of expression, the nature and essence of objects, various media, and graphic composition. The course assists students in creating a comprehensive series of drawings and in building a portfolio.

Reading the City
ARTH-UA 677 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
The course focuses on observation and documentation of a historical section of New York City from its foundation to the present. Students participate in field walks and attend in-class lectures and discussions. A principal objective of the course is to have students learn to read the historical stratigraphy of the city by using primary and secondary sources such as maps, prints, and panoramas, as well as City Council minutes and other printed documents. The goal is to have them deepen their understanding of phenomena that they have observed firsthand.

Architectural Criticism
ARTH-UA 678 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered every year. 4 points.
This course combines the reading and writing of architectural criticism. Students read the work of pre- and postwar architecture critics, focusing on those who live(d) and work(ed) in New York City and those who write and wrote for the popular press. Six class sessions are devoted to thematic groupings of reviews—on the skyscraper, the museum, urban planning, etc.—in order to compare critical language, approach, and taste, while also tracking changes in architectural style from 1900 to the present. These reviews are supplemented with readings in architectural theory that attempt to define the styles of the past and present century. Students also write three reviews themselves, including one on a building, shop, or urban plan of their choice. The course should offer both an alternative history of 20th-century New York City and an opportunity to think and write about architecture in a new and opinionated way.

Parks, Plants, and People
ARTH-UA 679 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered periodically. 2 points.
This course studies the components of successful urban green public spaces designed for and about people. Students participate in numerous site visits to important New York City parks and gardens to study the way people actually use these places. Students also are expected to visit others and report on them to the class. Students study the research and observations of William H. Whyte and the role that good planting and a connection with nature play in improving the quality of life in the city.

Case Studies in Historic Preservation
ARTH-UA 681 Prerequisites: ARTH-UA 601, ARTH-UA 661, and permission of the program director. Offered in the spring. 4 points.
This course is a survey of the history, philosophy, and practice of historic preservation on the national and local levels. Through case studies, students learn about the field as a civic responsibility and public activity. It is, therefore, very much a course in civics, as it aims to equip and energize students to be involved in the quality of the built environment in general and historic preservation in particular wherever they may live, and wherever their professional paths may take them.

HONORS THESIS AND INDEPENDENT STUDIES IN URBAN DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIES

Senior Honors Thesis: Urban Design and Architecture Studies
ARTH-UA 690, 691 Open to departmental majors who have been accepted as candidates for honors in urban design in the first term of their senior year and who have the permission of the director of undergraduate studies. See this department’s subheading “Graduation with Honors” for eligibility requirements. Students are expected to work on their theses over a period of two semesters. A GPA of 3.65 in urban design courses and an overall GPA of 3.65 as stipulated by the College’s honors program regulations are necessary. 4 points.

Independent Study
ARTH-UA 803, 804 Prerequisites: written permission of the program director and of an adviser. 1 to 4 points per term.
See this department’s subheading “Honors Thesis and Independent Studies in Art History.”

URBAN DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE STUDIES: COURSES IN OTHER DEPARTMENTS COUNTING FOR MAJOR CREDIT

Urban Society
ANTH-UA 44 Prerequisite: ANTH-UA 1 or permission of the instructor. 4 points.
See description under Anthropology.

Cities in a Global Context
SCA-UA 602 4 points.
See description under Metropolitan Studies.

Urban Economics
ECON-UA 227 Identical to SCA-UA 751. Prerequisite: ECON-UA 2 or ECON-UA 5. 4 points.
See description under Economics.

Cities, Communities, and Urban Life
SOC-UA 460 Identical to SCA-UA 760. 4 points.
See description under Sociology.

With departmental approval, other courses may be substituted.

GRADUATE COURSES OPEN TO UNDERGRADUATES

Under special circumstances, students are allowed to enroll for courses in the Graduate School of Arts and Science and in the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. If these courses are credited toward the undergraduate degree, no advanced credit is allowed toward a graduate degree. The Wagner program offers undergraduate courses in management of nonprofit organizations and in the role of government in art production and consumption.